Ritual dramatic art of Tazieh

Tazieh (Persian: تعزیه) in Iran designates a traditional religious theatrical genre, essentially commemorating the martyrdom of Imam Hossein (third imam of the Shiites) and the passions of the Ahlulbeyt (اهل بیت) – members of the family of the Prophet of Islam. In this theatrical genre, the recitation of the lyrics, which are almost always in verse, takes precedence over the directing and the action.

It originated from some of the most popular myths and rituals, such as Mithraism, Sog-e Siavush (mourning for Siavash).

Each performance has four elements: poetry, music, song, and movement. Some of the performances have up to a hundred roles that are divided into historical, religious, political, social, supernatural, real, imaginary, and fantasy characters.

Each drama is an individual Ta’zieh with its own theme, costume, and music. The performances are full of symbolism, conventions, codes, and signs, which are understood by Iranian audiences.

Actors are always male and female roles are played by men and most of them are amateurs who earn their living in other ways but perform for spiritual rewards.

Its performances help to preserve religious and spiritual values, altruism, and friendship while preserving ancient traditions, national culture, and Iranian mythology. Tazieh also plays an important role in the preservation of related crafts, such as clothing, calligraphy, and tool-making.

Its flexibility has made it a common language for different communities and promotes communication, unity, and creativity.